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a cordial made from blackberries
a liqueur made from white Curacao and blue coloring
a dry blended liqueur made from Benedictine and old Cognac and produced in France
(No other details as yet other than it has the synonym name Francois Noir and is one of the 16 known direct possible descendants of the ancient Pinot cepage x Gouais Blanc cross that resulted in this red-wine creating variety).
Has synonym name Baco 22A. No other details other than the variety is recommended for white wine production in cool climate regions.
(Pronounced 'bak-ko noo-w-arh'). Has synonym name Baco No.1. A sometimes overly vigorous French-American hybrid grape released in 1902 suited to heavy soils and used to make a high acid, deeply pigmented red wine regarded by some as a good, if rustic, substitute for Cabernet Sauvignon, particularly if given a suitable finish (eg. oak). Dating from around 1955 many Canadian growers have obtained superior flavor results by planting the 'George' clone of this variety. Capable of ageing, and sometimes requiring it, its origins trace to the Folle Blanche and a native American V. Riperia strain of grape. Reported as winter-hardy to about -20 deg. F (-27 C). Buds early with consequent danger of frost damage. Ripens in late September with susceptibility to bunch rot problems and is attractive to birds. Extensively grown in the cool northern regions of N. America.
Internationally grown (Brazil, India, Korea, Japan) complex American/V.vinifera (Big Berry x Triumph) derived cross variety created by T. V. Munson around 1899. While having fragile cold-hardiness it is noted for disease resistance and good productivity. Ripens early to mid-season. Used in Missouri where it is claimed to make a neutral wine reaching 20 Brix sugar content, lacking any trace of labrusca taste and to have a pleasant vinous aroma. Recommended by some as suitable for planting in Kansas and other south-central U.S. States.
Black skinned variety found in Spain. Pedigree is reported to be Muscat Hamburg x Mortagua.
Has synonym names Hasansky Sladky and Varajane Sinine. Listed as a blue-skinned berry having low tannin. Winter hardy to -32 deg. F (approx. -36 C.). Reported as making a light, fruity wine with cherry aroma and bright red color using whole cluster fermentation. No other details as yet.
Has several synonym names including Limousin Blanc. Recent DNA checks revealed that this variety is possibly derived from a Gouais Blanc x Chenin Blanc cross. No other details at present.
a sweet liqueur made from bananas
Winemaking variety found in France, Italy (Emilia-Romagna region) and, further east, the Balkans region. Has many synonym names including Barbaroux, Malaga Rose and Grec Rouge. Used to make an aromatic, robust varietal red wines with moderate ageing potential.
Semi-classic grape commonly grown in the Piedmont region and most of northern Italy. Now thought by some to be identical with the Perricone, or Pignatello, grape of Sardinia. Was probably imported into the U.S.A. late in the 19th century. Usually produces an intense red wine with deep color, low tannins and high acid and is used in California to provide 'backbone' for so-called 'jug' wines. Century-old vines still exist in many regional vineyards and allow production of long-ageing, robust red wines with intense fruit and enhanced tannic content. Plantings in North America are mostly confined to the warm western coastal regions.
Table/Wine grape cultivar derived from a Golden Hamburg x Muscat of Alexandria variety cross. Has about a dozen synonym names including Golden Champion and White Tokay. Widely grown in Europe and other cool climate regions.
Has several synonym names including Muscadelle de Nantes. White-wine producing variety found mainly in the Landes region, (S.W. France), adjoining the Madiran A.O.C of Armagnac, and in the W. Pyrenees region. Used to create 'Tursan' local varietal wine.
Has synonym name NY 18149. Derived from a complex labruscana Fredonia x (Chass. Rose Violet x Mills) cross, the latter pairing more simply named N.Y. 10805, released by NY's Geneva Research Station in 1962. Once widely planted in British Columbia, Canada. Usually ripens in late September: at last report now almost entirely uprooted and replaced by other varieties except where grown for tablegrape and juice production.
(No information as yet on this variety, widely grown in Greece, used for white wine production).
Variety grown in Georgia (CIS) and used in white wine production. Has synonym name Tsolikouri. Used to make a semi-sweet varietal wine.
American hybrid cultivar developed by Byron Johnson of Cincinnati, Ohio. Derived from a cross between Fort Worth #3 and an unknown V. Rupestris variety. Used to create a deeply red-colored wine with flavor described as reminiscent of blackcurrants. The vine is vigorous and productive in cool-climate regions. NB: Not to be confused with an earlier named V.rotundifolia cultivar, bearing the same name, reported around 1871.
American hybrid cultivar suitable for Wine, Juice or Table use. Variety reportedly developed by the late Byron Johnson of Ohio from a cross between a T. V. Munson hybrid Headlight seedling and an unknown Labruscana variety pollinate. Ripens early to mid-season and is used to produce a neutral white wine. Vine is vigorous and productive, but needs pruning to 5-bud canes for maximum fruitfulness. Not to be confused with a V. Riparia variety known by the subject name, developed before 1900, of which no details are available as yet.
(No other details other than it is Chardonnay-like white-wine creating variety that is one of the known 16 possible descendants of a Pinot cepage x Gouais Blanc ancient variety crossing and has several synonym names including Cep Gris, Mourillon and Pinot d'Ai).
Synonym name is G-388. Introduced 1947 by the Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station. Listed as derived from an open pollinated seed of Triumph. Black-skinned grape that ripens a week before Moores Early to give medium sized berries that hang well without shattering or cracking. No other details as yet.
an alcoholic beverage made from malted barley; flavored with hops after fermentation
Is a complex American, Asian and Muscat Hamburg hybrid cultivar grown in China and elsewhere. Developed at the Northern Chinese Viticultural Institute, near Beijing, it is harsh-cold resistant and bears heavy crops mainly used to produce table and wine grapes having a distinctive yet non-'foxy' flavor.
Complex American cultivar created by T. V. Munson in 1881. Is a cross of Elvira x Delaware. Reported to have many of the characteristics of the former variety, particularly flavor. Attractive heavy yielding variety, usually ripening in mid-season to give medium to small dull-green berries. Currently recommended as suitable for growing in the south-central States of the U.S.A. No other details as yet.
Has synonym name Seibel 14596. Reported as derived from a Seibel 6468 x Seibel 5455 cross. No other details as yet other than it appears to be a very sparsely grown complex pedigree variety (includes V.berl., Dattier and a Couderc derivative varieties) and is recommended for use as a red wine producer.
Variety used for white wine production. Used as a component in an esteemed multi-wine blend called 'Velletri Bianco'. Wines from good vintages considered to have excellent ageing ability. Mostly found in the Castelli Romani region, Latium province of Italy.
Complex V.lincecumii x (Norton x Herbemont) variety created by T.V. Munson who reportedly considered it to be superior to the Black Spanish variety. No other details as yet.
an herb liqueur made from a formula by the Benedictine Monks in France
V.vinifera having over 20 synonym names relating to vines established in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, France, Italy and Spain, some of which indicate confusion about actual variety derivation. Two that seem suitably accurate are Bequignaou and Chausset. Reported grape use is for creating a red wine. No other details as yet.
Red-wine/tablegrape variety grown in Israel and South Africa. Has low tannins and medium body as a wine. Described by some as having indeterminate flavors. Miniscule output has not attracted any favorable comment as far as is known.
Variety grown in the Valais region of Switzerland. Has the premier synonym name Prie Blanc where grown in the Valle d'Aosta, Italy. In this latter region it is used to produce a sought after wine, 'Blanc de Morgex et de La Salle'. The vines are planted with the 'pergola bassa' (ie. low pergola) system that trains the vines near the ground in trellised arbors with stone columns surrounded by terraced rock walls designed to protect the vines from snowfall and strong winds whilst allowing the vines to absorb the heat stored in the rocks/ground during daylight hours. Grape pickers must bend, or lie, close to the ground during harvest. Vine has very late budbreak (May?) and ripens in mid-season (mid-September). The cultivar is best suited for the sandy, gravelly soils found in higher altitude post-glaciated regions and so can be own rooted where phylloxera is subject to winter kill. The wine is reported to be crisp yet delicate due to its high acidity.
Reported as an extremely winter-hardy (to -50 deg. F) american complex V.riparia/labrusca cultivar derived from a Concord x Carver variety crossing dating from the 1800s. Ripens late September in New York state where this high-acid variety had some use as juice and jelly. Also recommended as suitable for growing in Saskatchewan, Canada. Similar to Alpha above. No other details as yet.
Variety reported to be grown in the Colli Piacentini DOC of the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy where it is allowed in the blend that comprises the Monterosso Val d'Arda, a sometimes softly sweet amabile, or frizzante (ie. bubbly), white wine.
New cold climate and disease resistant cross-variety (Hungary patent pending?) available in W. New York, USA and Ontario, Canada: also in Hungary and Austria. Has synonym names Bianka and Egri Csillagok. Clusters are loose, medium in size and mature in early mid-season. Reportedly cold-hardy and tolerant to downy/powdery mildews. Grafting to a phylloxera resistant rootstock is recommended. A genetic profile has proved that it is a V.vinifera Bouvier x Eger 2 cross variety developed in Hungary and suitable for white wine production. Claimed to have Chardonnay-Sauvignon Blanc wine character.
Ancient variety grown in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy and used for white wine production. Has synonym names Balsamina Bianca, Morbidella and, in the Marche region, Bianchella. Reported to have a 'lemony palate' suitable for summer sipping.
Variety used for white wine, grown in Italy and several Central European countries. Has several synonym names that include Achiappapalmento and Bianco di Valdigna.
Variety mostly found in Campania region of Italy. Used to produce aromatic yet acidic dry/sweet still, sparkling varietal white wines, and blends in combination with such varieties as Forastera all for early consumption.
Minor grape grown in Italy and Australia. Listed as an alias name for the Trebbiano (below) in some databases. May be a synonym name for the variety Mostosa found in the former country. In Australia it is also known under the alias name of White Grenache.
Variety used for white wine production in the Beiras district of Portugal. Can be found as a crisp, mildly aromatic varietal but most often is used in sparkling wine blends.
According to the Geilweilerhof database (above) this variety has over twenty synonym names including Chasselas Napoleon and Zanta. Widely grown in Europe and South America where its fruit, normally ripening in mid-October, is used as a wine or tablegrape.
Reported to be a V.lincecumii variety. Has synonym names Big Bunch and Great Cluster. Markedly vigorous in growth it produces large berries. Much used by T.V. Munson in his grape-breeding work. No other details as yet.
No other details other than it is reported to be a black-skinned local variety grown in the Verona district of Veneto province, N.W. Italy.
a sweet to dry flavored drink made from aromatic plants, usually spirit -based; considered an aperitif
Has several synonym names including Long Black Spanish, Black Saint Peters and Gros Maroc. Grown in many countries as a tablegrape it is listed as originating in Spain. Normally ripens in late October with very large bunches of elliptical fruit having a purple-black color. Note: Not to be confused with the Black Spanish variety. No other details as yet.
V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) female pollinate variety. Vigorous, large fruit ripening uniformly in mid-late season if 'girdled' (a.ka.a dry scarred). Black skinned fruit goes to 23% sugar. No other details as yet.
Result of a Concord x Black Prince cross dating from 1866. Has synonym name Underhill 8-12. Reported by Hedrick (Grapes of New York, 1912) to be lacking in vigor, hardiness and productivity. Susceptible to Black Rot disease. Usually ripens with Concord in mid-season. Produces variable size black berries. Self-sterile, this cultivar is not recommended for commercial growing. No other details as yet.
Productive, disease resistant V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) female pollinate variety. Derived from a Fry x Cowart cross. Similar to Fry. Ripens uniformly in early to mid-season to give about 19% sugar content. No other details as yet.
Variety reportedly used for red wine production in California. Tentatively: may be (or related to) the Malvoisie (Noir) variety grown in Corsica. (No other details as yet.)
Alias name for Pinot Meunier..
Has several synonym names including Burgundy, Jacquez, Lenoir and Blue French. N.B:The latter name not to be confused with the same synonym for the V.vinifera Blaufrankisch variety. The named cultivar is an oldline 19th century bunchgrape, derived from a cross between an unknown Vinifera and native American V.bourquiniana (V.aestivalis ?) species, recommended for use in the lower Gulf States of the U.S.A. However reports indicate a low sugar and acid balance in mature fruit and it is no longer high on the recommendation list for those areas. Thought by some to have a clonal relationship to Herbemont. Has good resistance to Pierce's Disease, producing large clusters of small red fleshed berries. Does not propagate well from hardwood cuttings and grafting to a suitable rootstock, such as Dogridge or Tampa, is recommended if to be cultivated in deep sandy soils. Although used to produce a blending wine it is not recommended for use as a varietal red wine because of limited color stability and a taste some find unacceptable. Note: Not to be confused with the large, dark black french tablegrape, named Long Black Spanish, that usually ripens in early October and is commonly used to decorate baskets of fruit.
Commonly mentioned in American textbooks as the early 19th century Californian name for the variety subsequently known as Zinfandel.
White-wine producer cultivar with Muscat-like flavor released (1987) for use in Florida where it has had medal winning success for vaguely Riesling-like varietal still wine and sparkling wine blends. Developed by John Mortenson of the Leesburg Research Station, University of Florida, it is the result of a cross between FLA D6-148, a Florida-developed hybrid (thought by some to be a V. aestivalis complex derivative) and the Cardinal table grape. Self-fertile, vigorous and productive, ripens early July in Florida. Reported to be cold-hardy to at least 0 deg. F. (approx. -15 C.), it is resistant to Pierce's Disease but seems especially vulnerable to Anthracnose and Black Rot.
Has several synonym names including Blanc de Morgex. Indigenous variety grown in the Val d'Aosta region of Italy. Claimed to be free of phylloxera attack in its high altitude, rocky habitat. Used to create a white varietal wine reportedly possessed of a mildly aromatic fragrance and, in some cases spritzy, delicately crisp flavor. Made as a dry wine for early consumption near the villages of Morgex and La Salle in high ski country. Also grown in Argentina, France and Switzerland.
Oldline (reported before 1804) American variety regarded as a labrusca/vinifera hybrid of found unknown provenance. Has many synonym names including Bland's Fox, Bland's Madeira, Red Scuppernong and Virginia Muscadell. Many early 19th century authorities considered this sparsely available variety a probable Vinifera hybrid because of its purported resemblance to the european Chasselas. Moderately vigorous, late-ripening variety that produces small light-red to dark-purple skinned fruit with slightly foxy taste. Its precarious hardiness and need for long ripening season excluded consistent results in the cooler climate areas of the USA. Maryland and Virginia appear to be its natural home. Currently it ranks as a little-known minor variety only notable for its historical interest.
a combination of different whiskeys that have been combined in casks
Variety reported to be a complex hybrid with Post Oak, Norton, Herbemont and Ten Dollar Prize parentage. It is reported by Hedrick (Grapes of New York, 1912) to be a T.V. Munson hybrid developed in 1899. Very vigorous and prolific. Ripening around the same time as Catawba it produces medium size white-skinned berries with high acidic flavor.
Released by the Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station at Mountain Grove. Introduced in 1947, this black grape has a high percentage of native V. lincecumii x V.rupestris in its ancestry ie. Ellen Scott x America. Vine growth is vigorous, producing compact clusters that ripen about 10 days after Concord. A good keeper recommended for juice or dessert use.
Developed by the University of Florida, this grape has good resistance to Pierce's Disease and better resistance to other fungi diseases than most other Southern State red fleshed bunchgrapes. Grafting is not needed except in soils with pH greater than 7.0. Very productive and ripens evenly. Its berries are very attractive to birds. Juice is used to produce white wine suitable for blending for the same reason as Black Spanish above.
Derived from a Beta cross with an unknown variety. Is high quality blue seeded cultivar developed by Univ. Minnesota that produces small Concord type fruit ripening around 2-3 weeks earlier than that variety. Has good disease resistance and claimed as cold-hardy to -40 deg. F. (ca -42 C.). Recommended as a tablegrape and for juice production in colder Mid-western states of USA. No other details as yet.
Variety grown in Turkey and used to make a red wine suitable for mixing with others such as Gamay and Cinsault to create light bodied blends having moderate tannins and acidity. No other details as yet.
Grown in Croatia (former Yugoslavia), this variety produces brown-freckled green skinned medium-large berries formed in somewhat dense clusters. They are used to create mildly appley, light bodied varietal or blended dry white wines. No other details as yet.
Has synonym name G-994. Introduced 1947 by the Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station as derived from a Captain x Terret Monstre cross. Is sibling of the Eleven Point and Gasconade varieties. Ripens as large, yellow-skinned grape on extra large, compact clusters at same time as Concord with good hangtime and storage characteristics. Self fertilizing, the variety needs no winter protection in southern Missouri. Only recommended for use in high temperature zones as a tablegrape. For best results, prune to spurs.
(a.k.a Trebbiano d'Abruzzo in the Abruzzo). Widely grown in the Apulia region of southern Italy. Used as a white blending wine or, in the Abruzzo region, as a local 'vino di tavola' that reportedly will age well for up to 6 years. A mutation grown in Apulia is called Bombino Nero.
(See Bombino Bianca above).
Variety found in central Italy and Sardinia that is used for red wine, raisin and rootstock production. Synonym names include Canaiolo Romano (ie. possibly related to the variety Canaiolo (Nero) below), Giacomino, Pascale di Cagliari (alias name in Sardinia), and several others.
Variety extensively grown in Argentina, currently thought by some to be totally unrelated to the variety of the same name grown in Italy and is actually the Charbono variety imported in the past from California. (see also Croatina below).
Minor red grape grown in Piedmont region of Italy. Makes fruity red wine of mild intensity when blended with wine from Barbera grape.
Alternate name for Uva Rara grape..
Relatively rare indigenous red wine grape of southern Switzerland.
Minor grape grown in Italy and Australia. In the latter country it is also known under the alias name of False Carignan.
(See Cesanese below).
Synonym name for the Cabernet Franc grape when grown in NE. Italy.
White-wine producing variety mainly found in the Liguria region coastline DOC of Italy. Has synonym name Madea. Used to make the mildly aromatic, dry blend known as 'Cinque Terre' that includes the grape varieties Albarola or Vermentino. Complementing the above dry blend is the rare 'Cinque Terre Sciacchetra', a sweet 'Passito' version made from dried grapes. As a result of reduced production due to the difficulties of maintaining these steep terraced (UNESCO World Heritage List) vineyards some consider most of the current versions of these wines to be less than ideal.
(No other details as yet other than its claim to fame as one of the parents of the Prachttraube cultivar).
Alternate name for the Cabernet Franc grape when grown in certain cru areas of the Bordeaux region. Conversely, in Australia, it is used as an alias name for the Cabernet Sauvignon grape.
Local name for the Cabernet Franc grape grown in the Pyrenees region of France. Makes one of four wines blended to produce a full-bodied red wine called 'Madiran'. The others are Courbu Noir, Pinenc and Tannat.
Has synonym name Bukettraube. Variety used for mediocre white wine production is grown in France, Germany, Italy, South Africa and Zimbabwe.
a brown liquor made from at least 51% corn and aged for at least two years in white oak casks
Minor white-wine producing variety, grown in southern Rhone region of France, sometimes used in local white wine blends to help create acidic balance. Has the synonym names Malvoisie in the Languedoc region of France and Blanquette in Australia. Usually ripens in October and susceptible to rot. Has synonym name (or possible clonal relationship to) Picardan (Blanc), a variety that has similar characteristics and is also condemned by some as capable only of mediocre white varietal wine production.
Minor native grape grown in Austria. Reported as derived from a seedling crossed by Mr. Bouvier. One parent is currently unknown, the other is from the Pinot cepage. Produces soft, fragrant white wines. Most of the crop is processed into a grape juice called 'Traubenmost' and also made into a sweet wine called 'Sturm' that is drunk very young in the manner of 'nouveau' beaujolais. The grape is also extensively grown in Hungary.
Minor grape grown in Cuneo province, Piedmont, Italy. Often used to make light, frizzante low-alcohol (5%) red sweet wine named 'Birbet' noted for fruity, raspberry/strawberry aroma with some style resemblance to the more famous 'Moscato d'Asti' wines. Normally drunk as young as possible and served chilled. Known to be the same grape as the French Braquet
Reported to be a complex V.riperia x V.labrusca x V.aestivalis female pollinate vine resistant to fungus diseases. Appears to have been developed in Connecticut, USA in 1985. No other details other than it is used for cross-pollination purposes and making wine.
a single distillate or a mixture of distillates obtained from wine or the fermented juice of fruit
Reported to have been developed (around 1860) in Ontario, Canada, this cultivar is a cross between the Clinton and Black St. Peter varieties. It has the synonym name of Arnold 8. Its main current use appears to be that of a tablegrape grown by Parisian home gardeners in France in order to make occasional small batches of varietal red wine. Also popular in England as an ornamental cultivar that produces sweet black dessert fruit. Has medium productivity/vigor, and is susceptible to Powdery Mildew, other fungus diseases plus winter frost damage if unprotected in cold climates.
This Elmer Swenson cross was created in 1983. Its synonym name is ES 7-4-76. A greenish-gold grape, it turns gold when fully ripened and is reported to be a Kay Gray x ES 2-12-13 cross. Growers in Nebraska claim it ripens around late August-early September: cold hardiness listed as no bud damage to -28 deg. F. Trial white dessert wines are reported to possess a pronounced pineapple nose and flavor. Also recommended as a tablegrape.
Has synonym names Trask and Royal Rose. Suitable for wine or tablegrape use it is reported as derived from a Diana Hamburg x Concord cross released by the New York Geneva Research Station in the late 19th century. No other details as yet.
T.V. Munson developed (1883) complex V.labrusca/vinifera/bourquiniana cultivar derived from a Lindley x Delaware cross. Has large clusters of dark-red berries reported as susceptible to Pierce's Disease, Fantail and Tomato Ringspot virus diseases. Reported as cold-hardy to -15 deg. F (-26 C). According to Hedrick, Grapes of New York, 1912, it is moderately productive, ripening unevenly in New York about the same time as Delaware, with clusters that can hang for weeks on the vine. Regarded as not quite the equal of the latter variety for tablegrape use, having a more astringent skin.
Derived from a Brighton x (Winchell x Diamond) cross. Resembles the Niagara variety but is less 'foxy' in character. No other details as yet.
Has synonym name NY 12583. Currently recommended as suitable for raisin or tablegrape use. Reported as derived from a (Goff x Iona) x Sultanina variety cross.
Has synonym names NY 10830 and Early Steuben. Vigorous, productive, early ripening (around 2 weeks before Concord) variety derived from Herbert and Watkins varieties by NY's Geneva Research Station in 1938. Resembles its 'Herbert' parent. Once found extensively planted in the Okanagan region of British Columbia, Canada and elsewhere. Moderately winter hardy, with good growth vigor, it usually ripens in late September and can produce very sweet, blue slipskin fruit. Produces best when trained to 4-cane Kniffen system. At last report this Concord-type grape has been displaced by other varieties except where used for tablegrape and juice production.
Complex V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) cultivar. Derived from a Thomas x (Scuppernong F.P x Florida (New Smyrna) M.P).
Once thought to be identical with the obscure french grape known as Monbadon this variety, used for white wine production, is mostly to be found planted in the Central Valley of California, USA where it is mainly used for blending. However, recent DNA study at Univ. College at Davis, California, indicates that the possible parents of this cultivar are Ugni Blanc and Folle Blanche.
Variety mainly restricted to the Quiliano DOC in Liguria, Italy. Used to make a fresh, crisply acidic white wine considered by some to be a perfect match for local cuisine 'Pesto' dishes. Listed as a Trebbiano sub-variety in some databases. May have the synonym names Lumassina and Mataosso.

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